Insufficient intake of essential nutrients may lead to various health problems. For example, vitamin C deficiency can cause scurvy, while a deficiency of B vitamins may result in pellagra. Multivitamin supplements can help reduce the risks associated with inadequate nutrition. These dietary supplements may help prevent or address nutrient deficiencies caused by digestive disorders, long-term medication use, and other contributing factors. (1)
**What Are Multivitamins and What Are They Used For?**
Multivitamins are dietary supplements that contain a combination of different vitamins and minerals. They are available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, powders, and liquids. (2) Taken alongside a daily diet, these supplements may provide a wide range of micronutrients, including vitamins A, B, C, D, E, and K, as well as minerals such as iron, calcium, magnesium, and zinc. In short, multivitamins are dietary supplements designed to provide essential nutrients the body needs. (1)
**Who Can Use Multivitamins?**
A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, quality protein sources, and healthy fats can provide most of the nutrients your body requires. However, nutrient intake may sometimes be insufficient due to poor dietary habits, reduced absorption, or other factors. In addition, certain groups are at a higher risk of developing vitamin and mineral deficiencies. (1)
Below are some of the groups who may benefit from multivitamin supplementation due to inadequate nutrient intake.
**Older Adults:** Older adults are more likely to experience inadequate nutrient intake for a variety of reasons, including changes in eating habits, regular medication use, and other age-related factors. For example, the absorption of vitamin B12 from food may decline with age. For this reason, the National Academy of Medicine recommends that individuals over the age of 50 consume foods fortified with vitamin B12 or consider vitamin B12 supplementation. (1)
**Pregnant Women:** Multivitamins may be used before and during pregnancy. For example, taking folic acid supplements under medical supervision may help reduce the risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly in the developing baby. Experts recommend taking supplemental folic acid before pregnancy and during the first few weeks of gestation. Under the guidance of a healthcare professional, pregnant women may also consider supplements containing iron, calcium, and vitamin D. (1)
Multivitamins may also help prevent nutrient deficiencies associated with certain medications. For example, diuretics used to lower blood pressure may reduce the body's stores of magnesium, potassium, and calcium. Proton pump inhibitors prescribed for acid reflux or heartburn may decrease the absorption of vitamin B12, calcium, and magnesium. In such cases, dietary supplements may be used under medical supervision to help maintain adequate vitamin and mineral levels. (1)
**How Should Multivitamins Be Used?**
There are several important points to consider when using multivitamins. First, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional to determine the supplement that best meets your individual needs. In addition, to minimize the risk of side effects associated with improper use, always follow the recommended daily intake instructions.